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Plagiarism (and how to avoid it): Examples

Definition of plagiarism, examples, and guidance on ethical use of sources.

Sample Text Selection

Sample Text Selection

Excerpt from pages 115-116 of Neil deGrasse Tyson's book, Astrophysics for People in a Hurry (W. W. Norton & Company, 2017)

In middle school chemistry class, I asked my teacher where the elements on the Periodic Table come from. He replied, Earth’s crust. I’ll grant him that. It’s surely where the supply lab gets them. But how did Earth’s crust acquire them? The answer must be astronomical. But in this case, do you actually need to know the origin and evolution of the universe to answer the question? Yes, you do. Three of the naturally occurring elements were manufactured in the big bang. The rest were forged in the high-temperature hearts and explosive remains of dying stars, enabling subsequent generations of star systems to incorporate this enrichment, forming planets and, in our case, people.


See the below examples of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, and citing in APA and MLA formats.

Ethical Use: APA Format

General Guidelines:
  • Introduce quote, paraphrase, or summary with a short introductory phrase
  • Include author's last name and year of publication in text or in a parenthetical citation
  • Include location, such as page number(s), in a parenthetical citation
Block Quote Format - 40 Words or More:

In his book Astrophysics for People in a Hurry, acclaimed astrophysicist Neill deGrasse Tyson (2017) uses this anecdote to discuss the origin of the elements on our planet:

In middle school chemistry class, I asked my teacher where the elements on the Periodic Table come from. He replied, Earth’s crust. I’ll grant him that. It’s surely where the supply lab gets them. But how did Earth’s crust acquire them? The answer must be astronomical. But in this case, do you actually need to know the origin and evolution of the universe to answer the question? Yes, you do. three of the naturally occurring elements were manufactured in the big bang. The rest were forged in the high-temperature hearts and explosive remains of dying stars, enabling subsequent generations of star systems to incorporate this enrichment, forming planets and, in our case, people. (pp. 115-116)

Short Quotation:

Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says yes. All but three of Earth’s elements “were forged in the high-temperature hearts and explosive remains of dying stars,” and became part of our developing planet and all things on it (Tyson, 2017, pp. 115-116).

Paraphrase: 

 Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says we are. According to  astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson (2017), only three of the elements in the Periodic Table were present on Earth after the Big Bang. The rest of the elements that compose our planet, and by extension, our human selves, became part of planet Earth as dying stars exploded and sent their scattered remains into future and distant star systems that included our own (pp. 115-116).

Summary:

Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says we are. Most of Earth’s elements were not created from the Big Bang, but were incorporated from other solar systems (Tyson, 2017, pp. 115-116).

Ethical Use: MLA Format

General Guidelines:
  • Introduce quote, paraphrase, or summary with a short introductory phrase
  • Include author's last name in text or in a parenthetical citation
  • Include location, such as page number(s), in a parenthetical citation
Block Quote Format - More Than 3 Lines:

In his book Astrophysics for People in a Hurry, acclaimed astrophysicist Neill deGrasse Tyson uses this anecdote to discuss the origin of the elements on our planet:

In middle school chemistry class, I asked my teacher where the elements on the Periodic Table come from. He replied, Earth’s crust. I’ll grant him that. It’s surely where the supply lab gets them. But how did Earth’s crust acquire them? The answer must be astronomical. But in this case, do you actually need to know the origin and evolution of the universe to answer the question? Yes, you do. three of the naturally occurring elements were manufactured in the big bang. The rest were forged in the high-temperature hearts and explosive remains of dying stars, enabling subsequent generations of star systems to incorporate this enrichment, forming planets and, in our case, people. (115-116)

Short Quotation:

Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says yes. All but three of Earth’s elements “were forged in the high-temperature hearts and explosive remains of dying stars,” and became part of our developing planet and all things on it (Tyson 115-116).

Paraphrase:

Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says we are. According to astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, only three of the elements in the Periodic Table were present on Earth after the Big Bang. The rest of the elements that compose our planet, and by extension, our human selves, became part of planet Earth as dying stars exploded and sent their scattered remains into future and distant star systems that included our own (115-116).

Summary:

Are we made of stardust? As strange as it may seem, science says we are. Most of Earth’s elements were not created from the Big Bang, but were incorporated from other solar systems (Tyson 115-116).

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